Among the different aspects of the miraculous nature of the Quran,
Al Baqillani says his companions and other scholars mentioned three types of iʿjaz (miraculousness).
The first is that it contains reports about the unseen matters, which no human can achieve and has no access to. Among them is what Allah, the Exalted, promised His Prophet, peace be upon him, that He would make his religion prevail over all religions, in His saying:
“هُوَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَرْسَلَ رَسُولَهُۥ بِٱلْهُدَىٰ وَدِينِ ٱلْحَقِّ لِيُظْهِرَهُۥ عَلَى ٱلدِّينِ كُلِّهِۦ وَلَوْ كَرِهَ ٱلْمُشْرِكُونَ”
“He it is who sent His Messenger with guidance and the religion of truth, to make it prevail over all religion, even if the polytheists detest it.” (al-Tawbah 9:33)
And this was fulfilled.
Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, when he dispatched his armies, would remind them of what Allah promised them of making His religion manifest, so that they would have confidence in victory and certainty of success.
ʿUmar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, also did this in his time, until the commanders of his armies relied on it. Saʿd ibn Abi Waqqas, may Allah have mercy on him, and others among the leaders of the armies under him, would remind their soldiers of it, encourage them by it, and assure them of it.
They would then achieve victory in their battles, until by the last days of ʿUmar, may Allah be pleased with him, conquests reached Balkh and the lands of India, and in his time Marw al-Shahijan and Marw al-Rudh were opened, and the Muslims were prevented from crossing into Jayhun only temporarily.
Likewise in his time Persia was conquered up to Istakhr, as well as Kirman, Makran, Sijistan, and all the domains of Kisra. Everything that the Persian kings possessed, from the two seas, from the Euphrates to the Jayhun, was taken, and the reign of the Persian kings was abolished, never to return up to this day and never to return again, if Allah wills. Conquests also reached the borders of Armenia and the Gate of Gates.
The region of al-Sham, Jordan, Palestine, and the Fustat of Egypt was also conquered, removing Caesar’s rule from it, from the Euphrates to the sea of Egypt, which was under Caesar’s authority. In his time, cavalry raided as far as ʿAmuriyya, seizing all the surrounding lands, leaving nothing except what was blocked by a sea, or by a strong mountain, or rough terrain, or an impassable desert.
Allah the Exalted also said:
“قُل لِّلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ سَتُغْلَبُونَ وَتُحْشَرُونَ إِلَىٰ جَهَنَّمَ ۚ وَبِئْسَ ٱلْمِهَادُ”
“Say to those who disbelieve, you shall be defeated and gathered to Hell, and what an evil resting place.” (Aal ʿImran 3:12)
And this came true.
And about the people of Badr He said:
“وَإِذْ يَعِدُكُمُ ٱللَّهُ إِحْدَى ٱلطَّآئِفَتَيْنِ أَنَّهَا لَكُمْ”
“And when Allah promised you that one of the two groups would be yours.” (al-Anfal 8:7)
And He fulfilled for them what He promised.
All the verses in the Quran that contain information about the unseen matters are too many to count. What we intended here was only to point out some of them as an indication of the whole.
I’jāz al-Qur’ān by Al Baqillani Pages 48-50
